Macau - Wikipedia. Macao Special Administrative Regionof the People's Republic of China. Macau is bordered by the city of Zhuhai in China to the North and the Pearl River Estuary to the East and South. Hong Kong lies about 6. East across the Delta. In 1. 55. 7, Macau was rented to Portugal from Ming China as a trading port.
The Portuguese Empire administered the city under Chinese authority and sovereignty until 1. Macau, through a mutual agreement between the two countries, became a colony. Sovereignty over Macau was transferred to China on 2. December 1. 99. 9. The Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau and Macau Basic Law stipulate that Macau operate with a high degree of autonomy until at least 2. Macau participates in international organizations and events that do not require members to possess national sovereignty.
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According to The World Factbook, Macau has the fourth highest life expectancy in the world. The Portuguese then named the peninsula . The Macau native people were Tanka boat people. Macau did not develop as a major settlement until the Portuguese arrived in the 1. In 1. 53. 5, Portuguese traders obtained the rights to anchor ships in Macau's harbours and to carry out trading activities, though not the right to stay onshore. But their pride was shocked by the indifference with which the Chinese treated them.
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The senate of Macau once complained to the viceroy of Goa of the contempt with which the Chinese authorities treated them, confessing however that . In 1. 63. 1 the Chinese restricted Portuguese commerce in China to the port of Macau.
On 2. 4 June 1. 62. Dutch attacked Macau in the Battle of Macau, in the hope of turning it into a Dutch possession. The Portuguese repulsed their attack and the Dutch never tried to conquer Macau again. The majority of the defenders were African slaves, with only a few Portuguese soldiers and priests. Captain Kornelis Reyerszoon was commander of the 8. Dutch invasion force.
Coen said after the defeat that . On 1 December 1. 88. Qing and Portuguese governments signed the Sino- Portuguese Treaty of Peking, under which China ceded the right of . In return, Macau Government would cooperate with Hong Kong's smuggle of Indian opium and China would be able to increase profits through customs taxes. Portugal was also obliged . Making only a few provisions concerning tariff principles and matters relating to business affairs, the new treaty did not alter the sovereignty of Macau and Portuguese government of Macau remained unchanged.
As such, Macau enjoyed a brief period of economic prosperity as the only neutral port in South China after the Japanese had occupied Guangzhou and Hong Kong. In August 1. 94. 3, Japanese troops seized the British steamer Sian in Macau and killed about 2. The next month they demanded the installation of Japanese . The result was that a virtual Japanese protectorate was created over Macau.
American air raids on targets in Macau were also made on 2. February and 1. 1 June 1. Following Portuguese government protest, in 1. United States paid US$2. Portugal. However, Beijing was not ready to settle the treaty question, leaving the maintenance of . In the most serious, the so- called 1.
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In 1. 97. 6, Lisbon redefined Macau as a . Three years later, Portugal and China agreed to regard Macau as . The two signed the Sino- Portuguese Joint Declaration the next year, making Macau a special administrative regions of China.
The recommendation is made by an election within the committee. Fernando Chui is the current Chief Executive.
The territory has its own independent judicial system with a High Court. Judges are selected by a committee and appointed by the chief executive. Foreign judges may serve on the courts. However, since the allied. British settled Hong Kong, the need for a strong military presence in Macau dimmed and it became limited before ceasing in 1. However, despite having no Portuguese garrison left on the territory, a small security force managed by the local PSP was kept, which proved useful with the escalating triad warfare tensions towards the last decades of Portuguese administration. Also the Capitania dos Portos kept operating a coast guard and the Portuguese airforce kept airfields active until the opening of Macau International Airport in the mid- 1.
In 1. 99. 9, upon handover to the PRC, a substantial garrison of the People's Liberation Army was established in the city helping deliver the last blow to the violence perpetrated by the triads, who were weakened by police action and arrests prior to the handover. The garrison remains, with a large portion of the forces stationed in neighbouring Zhuhai as well.
Administrative divisions. It also has 4. 1 kilometres (2.
Guangdong of Mainland China. The peninsula is formed by the Zhu Jiang (Pearl River) estuary on the east and the Xi Jiang (West River) on the west. The main border crossing between Macau and China is known as the Portas do Cerco (Barrier Gate) on the Macau side, and the Gongbei Port of Entry on the Zhuhai side.
Land reclamation in the 1. Macau into a peninsula with generally flat terrain, though numerous steep hills still mark the original land mass. The average annual temperature of Macau is 2. The coolest month is January, with a mean temperature of 1.
However, winter is mostly dry due to the influence of the vast Siberian High affecting much of East Asia. Autumn in Macau, from October to November, is sunny and still pleasantly warm with lower humidity. Winter (December to early March) is generally mild with temperatures above 1. Humidity starts to increase from late March. Summer is very warm to hot (often rising above 3. The hot weather is often followed by heavy rain, thunderstorms and occasional typhoons. Other chief economic activities in Macau are export- geared textile and garment manufacturing, banking and other financial services.
After the Handover in 1. China's easing of travel restrictions. Together with the liberalization of Macau's gaming industry in 2. The monopoly ended in 2. Las Vegas attempted to enter the market. With the opening of the Sands Macao. Numerous other hotel casinos, including Galaxy Cotai Megaresort, opened in 2.
Reasons for this fall of revenue are related to the slowdown that the Chinese economy is having and a corruption crackdown by Chinese officials which has constrained lavish spending. Today, there are 1.
STDM, and they are still crucial in the casino industry in Macau, but in 2. Sands Macau ushered in the new era. The rating agency also upgraded Macau's foreign currency bank deposit ceiling to 'Aa. A1'. All financial revenue of the Macau Special Administrative Region shall be managed and controlled by the region itself and shall not be handed over to the Central People's Government. The Central People's Government shall not levy any taxes in the Macau Special Administrative Region. In 1. 89. 4, the pataca was introduced in both Macau and Portuguese Timor as a unit of account for the Mexican dollar and the other silver dollar coins in circulation.
However, the pataca was not the official currency when it was first enacted. From 1. 94. 5 to 1. Portuguese Timor; and, in 1. Macau including an actual pataca coin for the first time. Meanwhile, 4. 2. 5% of the residents were born in Macau, and those born in Hong Kong, the Philippines and Portugal shared 3. Other languages such as Mandarin, English, and Hokkien are spoken by local communities.
Some also claim that the problem of illegal labour is severe. Macau's Gini coefficient, a popular measure of income inequality where a low value indicates a more equal income distribution, rose from 0.
It is higher than those of neighbouring regions, such as mainland China (0. South Korea (0. 3. Singapore (0. 4. 25).
The literacy rate of the territory is 9. The illiterates are mainly among the senior residents aged 6. There are currently 1. According to the 2. The government shall also in accordance with law, gradually institute a compulsory education system. Community organizations and individuals may, in accordance with law, run educational undertakings of various kinds.
In addition to hospitals, Macau also has numerous health centres providing free basic medical care to residents. Consultation in traditional Chinese medicine is also available.
There are no western- style medical schools in Macau, and thus all aspiring physicians in Macau have to obtain their education and qualification elsewhere. The Macau Red Cross also operates ambulances (Toyota Hi. Ace vans) for emergency and non- emergencies to local hospitals with volunteer staff. The organization has a total of 7. Macau. It also handles the organization of care and prevention of diseases affecting the population, sets guidelines for hospitals and private healthcare providers, and issues licences. Macau has a well- established public transport network connecting the Macau Peninsula, Cotai, Taipa Island and Coloane Island. Buses and taxis are the major modes of public transport in Macau.
Currently three companies . The newest public bus operator, Macau Nova Era, previously Reolian Public Transport Co., entered service on 1 August 2. This new bus operator operates on the existing routes by Transmac and Transportas Companhia de Macau. Free Casino Shuttle Buses are everywhere in Macau. Due to tourism being the main economic industry in Macau a majority of the larger hotels provide free round trip shuttle bus services which cover the major tourist sites including the airport, Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal, Taipa Temporary Ferry Terminal and other sites. Some Larger hotels such as Venetian Hotel and Holiday Inn even provide a free shuttle between them.
The frequency for each route is usually 1. The Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal and the Taipa Temporary Ferry Terminal provides cross- border transportation services for passengers travelling between Macau and Hong Kong, while the Yuet Tung Terminal in the Inner Harbour serves those travelling between Macau and cities in mainland China, including Shekou and Shenzhen.